第 1 單元，第 1 課
Vocabulary單字
這課一眼看
Unit words: Color matters單元單字：色彩很重要
- bright鮮豔的；明亮的: Strong and easy to see; full of light.
- light（顏色）淺的: Pale; not dark (for colors).
- dye染料；染色: A substance that changes the color of cloth or hair.
- represent代表；象徵: To stand for something else.
- wedding婚禮: The ceremony when two people get married.
- good luck好運: Good things that happen by chance.
- danger / safety: The chance of harm / the state of being safe.
- emergency緊急狀況: A sudden, serious situation that needs fast action.
- warn警告；提醒: To tell someone about a possible danger.
- color-blind色盲的: Not able to see the difference between some colors.
- visible看得見的: Able to be seen.
- common常見的: Happening often; found in many places.
- flag旗子: A cloth with colors that stands for a country or group.
- national國家的；全國的: Of or for a whole country.
- trust信任；相信: To believe that someone is honest or something is good.
Vocabulary strategy: Suffix -al單字策略：字尾 -al
- suffix字尾: A word part added to the end of a word.
- -al字尾 -al（和……有關的）: A suffix that turns a noun into an adjective meaning connected to.
Vocabulary strategy: Use context clues單字策略：利用上下文線索
- context clue上下文線索: A hint in nearby words that helps you guess a new word.
1Unit words: Color matters單元單字：色彩很重要
AWords for colors and their meanings顏色與顏色代表的意義
- Colors do more than make things pretty. People use them to send messages and to show feelings. Read the sentences. The bold words are the new words.
- The kite is a bright orange, so we can find it easily in the sky.
- My new shirt is light blue, almost like the color of the morning sky.
- Long ago, people made dye from leaves, roots, and even small insects.
- On the map, the small green triangles represent campsites.
- My cousin's wedding had gold and white flowers on every table.
- Some people carry a small red bag for good luck before a big exam.
顏色不只讓東西變好看。人們用顏色傳遞訊息、表達感受。讀句子，粗體字是本課新字。- 這個風箏是鮮亮的橘色，所以我們在天上很容易找到它。
- 我的新襯衫是淺藍色，幾乎像早晨天空的顏色。
- 很久以前，人們用葉子、根，甚至小昆蟲做染料。
- 地圖上，綠色的小三角形代表露營區。
- 我表姊的婚禮每張桌上都有金色和白色的花。
- 有些人在大考前會帶一個小紅包祈求好運。
Words for colors and their meanings顏色與顏色代表的意義
| Word單字 | Part of speech詞性 | Simple meaning簡單解釋 | Useful phrase常用搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|
| brightbright | adjective形容詞 | strong and easy to see; full of light（顏色）鮮豔的；明亮的 | a bright color, a bright rooma bright color、a bright room |
| lightlight | adjective形容詞 | pale; not dark（顏色）淺的；淡的 | light green, light graylight green、light gray |
| dyedye | noun / verb名詞／動詞 | a substance that changes the color of cloth or hair; to change the color this way染料；染色 | natural dye, dye your hairnatural dye、dye your hair |
| representrepresent | verb動詞 | to stand for something else代表；象徵 | represent an idea, represent a teamrepresent an idea、represent a team |
| weddingwedding | noun名詞 | the ceremony when two people get married婚禮 | a wedding dress, a wedding partya wedding dress、a wedding party |
| good luckgood luck | noun名詞 | good things that happen by chance好運 | bring good luck, wish someone good luckbring good luck（帶來好運）、wish someone good luck（祝某人好運） |
注意
Light has many meanings. In this unit, light + a color means pale: light pink, light brown. It is the opposite of dark. Light can also mean not heavy (a light bag) or the energy that helps us see (sunlight).light 有很多意思。在這個單元，light + 顏色表示「淺的」：light pink（淺粉紅）、light brown（淺棕色），和 dark（深的）相反。light 也可以指「輕的」（a light bag）或「光」（sunlight）。
自我檢查
Which word fits? In many stories, a white dove is used to ___ peace.哪個字適合？In many stories, a white dove is used to ___ peace.
看答案
represent. To represent something means to stand for it, and the dove stands for the idea of peace.represent。represent 是「代表」，白鴿代表和平這個想法。
BWords for safety and danger安全與危險的字
- Some colors help keep us safe. These words are about warnings and danger.
- The sign on the beach shows that there is danger in the water today.
- For your safety, please wear a helmet when you ride a bike.
- In an emergency, call for help right away.
- The loud alarm warns people that there is smoke in the building.
- My uncle is color-blind, so red and green look almost the same to him.
- Runners wear yellow vests at night so they are visible to drivers.
有些顏色能保護我們的安全。這些字和警告、危險有關。- 海灘上的標誌表示今天水裡有危險。
- 為了你的安全，騎腳踏車時請戴安全帽。
- 遇到緊急狀況，馬上求救。
- 響亮的警報提醒人們大樓裡有煙。
- 我舅舅是色盲，紅色和綠色在他看來幾乎一樣。
- 跑者晚上穿黃色背心，讓駕駛看得見他們。
Words for safety and danger安全與危險的字
| Word單字 | Part of speech詞性 | Simple meaning簡單解釋 | Word family同一家族的字 |
|---|---|---|---|
| dangerdanger | noun名詞 | the chance that something bad will happen危險 | dangerous (adjective)dangerous（形容詞，危險的） |
| safetysafety | noun名詞 | being safe; not in danger安全 | safe (adjective), safely (adverb)safe（形容詞）、safely（副詞） |
| emergencyemergency | noun名詞 | a sudden, serious situation that needs fast action緊急狀況 | emergencies (plural)emergencies（複數） |
| warnwarn | verb動詞 | to tell someone about a possible danger警告；提醒 | warning (noun)warning（名詞，警告） |
| color-blindcolor-blind | adjective形容詞 | not able to see the difference between some colors色盲的 | color blindness (noun)color blindness（名詞，色盲） |
| visiblevisible | adjective形容詞 | able to be seen看得見的 | invisible (opposite)invisible（相反詞，看不見的） |
注意
Warn has a useful pattern: warn someone about something, or warn someone not to do something. The teacher warned us about the wet floor. She warned us not to run.warn 有實用的句型：warn someone about something（提醒某人注意某事），或 warn someone not to do something（警告某人不要做某事）。The teacher warned us about the wet floor.（老師提醒我們地板很濕。）She warned us not to run.（她警告我們不要跑。）
自我檢查
Choose the right word. (1) The stars are not (visible / emergency) tonight because of the clouds. (2) Keep this number for an (emergency / safety).選出正確的字。(1) The stars are not (visible / emergency) tonight because of the clouds. (2) Keep this number for an (emergency / safety).
看答案
(1) visible, because the clouds stop us from seeing the stars. (2) emergency, because you call the number when something serious happens.(1) visible，因為雲讓我們看不見星星。(2) emergency，因為發生嚴重的事時才打這個號碼。
CWords about countries and belief國家與信任的字
- These words help you talk about countries and about what people believe.
- Rice is a common food in many parts of Asia. You see it at almost every meal.
- Each team carried a flag into the stadium.
- The national holiday is in October, and schools are closed that day.
- I trust my best friend. She always keeps my secrets.
這些字能幫你談國家，以及人們相信什麼。- 米飯是亞洲許多地方常見的食物，幾乎每一餐都看得到。
- 每一隊都拿著一面旗子走進體育場。
- 國定假日在十月，那天學校放假。
- 我信任我最好的朋友。她總是幫我保守秘密。
Words about countries and belief國家與信任的字
| Word單字 | Part of speech詞性 | Simple meaning簡單解釋 | Example例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| commoncommon | adjective形容詞 | happening often; found in many places常見的 | Cold days are common in January.一月常有冷天。 |
| flagflag | noun名詞 | a piece of cloth with colors and pictures that stands for a country or group旗子 | The school flag is blue and white.校旗是藍白色的。 |
| nationalnational | adjective形容詞 | of or for a whole country國家的；全國的 | the national team, a national park國家隊、國家公園 |
| trusttrust | verb / noun動詞／名詞 | to believe that someone is honest or something is good信任；相信 | You can trust this map.你可以相信這張地圖。 |
注意
Common does not mean the same as popular. Common means you see it often. Popular means many people like it. A cold is common, but it is not popular!common 和 popular 意思不同。common 是「常見的」，popular 是「受歡迎的」。感冒很常見，但一點都不受歡迎！
自我檢查
Fill in common, national, or trust: Do you ___ online reviews when you choose a restaurant?填入 common、national 或 trust：Do you ___ online reviews when you choose a restaurant?
看答案
trust. The question asks if you believe the reviews are honest.trust。這句問你是否相信網路評論是誠實的。
2Vocabulary strategy: Suffix -al單字策略：字尾 -al
AWhat the suffix -al does字尾 -al 的作用
- A suffix is a word part added to the end of a word. It often changes the part of speech. The suffix -al turns many nouns into adjectives. It means connected to or about. Nation is a noun; national is an adjective that means connected to a nation. When you see -al at the end of a new word, look for a noun inside it.字尾（suffix）是加在單字後面的部分，常常會改變詞性。字尾 -al 能把許多名詞變成形容詞，意思是「和……有關的」。nation（國家）是名詞，national 是形容詞，意思是「和國家有關的」。看到一個新字以 -al 結尾，就找找看裡面藏著哪個名詞。
Nouns and their -al adjectives名詞與加 -al 的形容詞
| Noun名詞 | Adjective with -al加 -al 的形容詞 | Meaning意思 | Example例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| nationnation | nationalnational | of a country國家的 | The national museum is free on Sundays.國立博物館星期天免費。 |
| cultureculture | culturalcultural | about the customs and art of a group文化的 | The festival is a big cultural event.這個節慶是盛大的文化活動。 |
| traditiontradition | traditionaltraditional | done in the same way for a long time傳統的 | We eat traditional sweets at New Year.我們過年吃傳統甜點。 |
| naturenature | naturalnatural | from nature, not made by people天然的；自然的 | This soap uses only natural colors.這塊肥皂只用天然色素。 |
| musicmusic | musicalmusical | about music; good at music音樂的；有音樂天分的 | My sister is very musical.我妹妹很有音樂天分。 |
| emotionemotion | emotionalemotional | about feelings; showing strong feelings情感的；激動的 | The ending of the movie was emotional.電影的結局很感人。 |
注意
A few -al words are nouns, not adjectives: arrival, festival, animal. Check the sentence. If the word comes after a or the and no noun follows it, it is probably a noun.少數 -al 結尾的字是名詞，不是形容詞：arrival（抵達）、festival（節慶）、animal（動物）。看句子判斷：如果這個字前面有 a 或 the、後面沒有名詞，它大概是名詞。
自我檢查
What does seasonal mean? Explain using the suffix.seasonal 是什麼意思？用字尾來解釋。
看答案
Seasonal means connected to a season. The noun is season, and -al makes it an adjective, as in seasonal fruit.seasonal 是「和季節有關的；季節性的」。名詞是 season，加 -al 變成形容詞，例如 seasonal fruit（當季水果）。
BSpelling changes with -al加 -al 時的拼字變化
- Sometimes the spelling changes when you add -al. A final -e usually drops: culture → cultural. A final -y can change: industry → industrial. Some words add -ical or -ial instead: history → historical, face → facial. Say the new word out loud; the stress often moves.加 -al 時，拼字有時會改變。字尾的 -e 通常要去掉：culture → cultural。字尾的 -y 可能會變：industry → industrial。有些字改加 -ical 或 -ial：history → historical、face → facial。把新字唸出來，重音常常會移動。
Spelling patterns拼字規則
| Pattern規則 | Examples例子 |
|---|---|
| Just add -al直接加 -al | tradition → traditional, nation → national, music → musicaltradition → traditional、nation → national、music → musical |
| Drop the final -e, then add -al去掉字尾 -e 再加 -al | culture → cultural, nature → naturalculture → cultural、nature → natural |
| Change the ending to -ial字尾改成 -ial | industry → industrial, face → facial, office → officialindustry → industrial、face → facial、office → official |
| Add -ical加 -ical | history → historical, magic → magicalhistory → historical、magic → magical |
Common mistakes with -al-al 的常見錯誤
| Mistake錯誤 | Correct正確 | Why原因 |
|---|---|---|
| ✗ It is a culture festival.✗ It is a culture festival. | ✓ It is a cultural festival.✓ It is a cultural festival. | Before a noun, use the adjective with -al.名詞前面要用加 -al 的形容詞。 |
| ✗ The juice has only naturel sugar.✗ The juice has only naturel sugar. | ✓ The juice has only natural sugar.✓ The juice has only natural sugar. | The ending is -al, not -el.字尾是 -al，不是 -el。 |
| ✗ We visited a historyal building.✗ We visited a historyal building. | ✓ We visited a historical building.✓ We visited a historical building. | History takes -ical.history 要加 -ical。 |
自我檢查
Complete with an -al adjective from the word in brackets: The team wore their (nation) colors on the field.用括號裡的字變成 -al 形容詞完成句子：The team wore their (nation) colors on the field.
看答案
national. The team wore their national colors on the field.national。The team wore their national colors on the field.（球隊在場上穿著代表國家的顏色。）
3Vocabulary strategy: Use context clues單字策略：利用上下文線索
AFour kinds of context clues四種上下文線索
- A context clue is a hint in the nearby words that helps you guess a new word. In Impact 1 you looked for explanations and examples. At this level, watch for two more kinds: a synonym (a word with the same meaning) and a contrast (a word with the opposite meaning). Punctuation also helps: dashes, commas, and brackets often come before an explanation.上下文線索（context clue）是新字附近能幫你猜意思的提示。在 Impact 1 你找過「解釋」和「例子」。到了這個程度，再注意兩種：同義詞（意思相同的字）和對比（意思相反的字）。標點符號也有幫助：破折號、逗號和括號後面常常就是解釋。
Kinds of context clues上下文線索的種類
| Clue線索 | Signal信號 | Example例句 | Meaning you can guess可以猜到的意思 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Definition定義 | a dash, brackets, that is, which means破折號、括號、that is、which means | The shirt was faded—its color was weak after many washes.這件襯衫 faded 了——洗了很多次，顏色變淡。 | faded = less bright than beforefaded＝褪色的 |
| Synonym同義詞 | or, also, in other wordsor、also、in other words | The room felt gloomy, or dark and sad, after the lights went out.燈熄了以後，房間感覺很 gloomy，也就是又暗又悲傷。 | gloomy = dark and sadgloomy＝陰暗的；憂鬱的 |
| Contrast對比 | but, however, unlike, instead ofbut、however、unlike、instead of | Unlike his shy brother, Tom is outgoing and talks to everyone.和害羞的哥哥不同，Tom 很 outgoing，跟每個人都聊天。 | outgoing = friendly and not shyoutgoing＝外向的 |
| Example例子 | such as, including, for examplesuch as、including、for example | Warm colors, such as red, orange, and yellow, can make a room feel cozy.暖色，例如紅、橘、黃，能讓房間感覺溫馨。 | warm colors = colors like fire and sunwarm colors＝像火和太陽的顏色；暖色 |
注意
One clue may not be enough. Use the whole sentence and the topic of the paragraph. If the paragraph is about painting, a new word is probably about paint, brushes, or color.一個線索可能不夠。把整個句子和這段的主題都用上。如果這段在講畫畫，新字大概和顏料、畫筆或顏色有關。
自我檢查
Which kind of clue helps you here? “The painting is vivid, not dull like the old photos next to it.” What does vivid mean?這裡用到哪一種線索？“The painting is vivid, not dull like the old photos next to it.” vivid 是什麼意思？
看答案
A contrast clue: not dull. Vivid means bright and strong, the opposite of dull.對比線索：not dull（不暗淡）。vivid 是「鮮明的、生動的」，和 dull 相反。
BTry it: Guess, test, and check實際練習：猜、試、查
- Use context clues in four steps. Read the whole sentence. Find the clue and decide what kind it is. Make a guess and put it back into the sentence. If it still makes sense, keep reading. If the word is important and you are still not sure, check a dictionary after you finish the paragraph.用四個步驟使用上下文線索。讀完整句。找出線索，判斷是哪一種。猜一個意思，放回句子裡。如果說得通，就繼續讀。如果這個字很重要、你還是不確定，讀完這段再查字典。
Four steps四個步驟
| Step步驟 | What you do做法 | Example: “The old wall was a dull gray, but the new mural is vibrant.”例子：“The old wall was a dull gray, but the new mural is vibrant.” |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Read1. 讀 | Read the whole sentence. Do not stop at the new word.讀完整句，不要停在新字上。 | The sentence compares an old wall and a new painting.句子比較舊牆和新的壁畫。 |
| 2. Find the clue2. 找線索 | Look for a signal word.找信號字。 | But shows a contrast with dull gray.but 表示和 dull gray（暗灰色）形成對比。 |
| 3. Guess and test3. 猜並測試 | Put your guess into the sentence.把猜的意思放回句子。 | vibrant = bright and full of color. The sentence makes sense.vibrant＝鮮豔、充滿色彩的。句子說得通。 |
| 4. Check if needed4. 必要時查 | Use a dictionary after the paragraph.讀完這段再查字典。 | A dictionary says vibrant means bright and strong. The guess was right.字典說 vibrant 是鮮明強烈的。猜對了。 |
自我檢查
Use the steps: “At dawn, in other words very early in the morning, the sky turns pink.” What does dawn mean, and what clue helped you?用這些步驟：“At dawn, in other words very early in the morning, the sky turns pink.” dawn 是什麼意思？哪個線索幫了你？
看答案
Dawn means very early in the morning, when the sun comes up. The synonym clue in other words gives the meaning.dawn 是「黎明、清晨太陽升起的時候」。同義詞線索 in other words 直接給了意思。
這課的重點字
- bright鮮豔的；明亮的
- light（顏色）淺的
- dye染料；染色
- represent代表；象徵
- wedding婚禮
- good luck好運
- danger危險
- safety安全