第 1 單元，第 1 課
Reading: Grandma and the Great Gourd閱讀：《奶奶與大葫蘆：孟加拉民間故事》
這課一眼看
Genre: Traditional Tales文體：傳統故事
- traditional tale傳統故事: A made-up story told and retold for many years.
- setting場景: When and where a story happens.
- conflict衝突；問題: The problem in a story.
- plot情節: The events of a story in order.
About the text認識這篇
- Text: Grandma and the Great Gourd (retold by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni), student book 3A pp. 19–41.
Reading skill: Analyze Plot and Setting閱讀技能：分析情節與場景
- resolution: How the problem is solved at the end of a story.
1Genre: Traditional Tales文體：傳統故事
AStories passed down for a long time流傳很久的故事
- A traditional tale is an invented story that people told out loud for many years before anyone wrote it down. Grandparents told it to children, and those children told it again. Because of this, traditional tales are often short, easy to remember, and full of repeated words or events.傳統故事（traditional tale）是虛構的故事，在被寫下來之前，人們已經口耳相傳了很多年。祖父母講給孩子聽，孩子長大後再講下去。所以傳統故事通常很短、容易記，而且常有重複的字句或情節。
Kinds of traditional tales傳統故事的種類
| Kind種類 | What it usually does通常在做什麼 |
|---|---|
| Folktale民間故事 | comes from one culture and shows how its people live and think來自某個文化，呈現那裡的人怎麼生活、怎麼想 |
| Fable寓言 | is a short tale, often with animals, that ends with a lesson短短的故事，常有動物角色，結尾帶出一個教訓 |
| Fairy tale童話 | has magic, such as talking mirrors or wishes that come true有魔法，例如會說話的鏡子或會實現的願望 |
| Legend傳說 | tells about a hero's great deeds; part may be true講英雄的偉大事蹟；可能有一部分是真的 |
| Myth神話 | explains something in nature, like why the sun rises解釋自然界的事，例如太陽為什麼會升起 |
- Every traditional tale has a setting (when and where it happens), characters (people or animals; animals may talk), a conflict (a problem), and a plot (the events that happen one after another). Many tales also teach a lesson or explain something.每個傳統故事都有場景（setting，故事發生的時間和地點）、角色（人或動物，動物可能會說話）、衝突（conflict，也就是問題），以及情節（plot，一件接一件發生的事件）。很多傳統故事也會教一個道理或解釋某件事。
2About the text認識這篇
AA traditional tale about a journey一篇與旅程有關的傳統故事
- This week's reading is a traditional tale from India. Its topic is a long journey. It follows a story pattern with a beginning, a middle, and an end, and some parts repeat.本週的閱讀是一篇來自印度的傳統故事，主題是一趟長途旅程。它照著「開頭、中間、結尾」的故事模式進行，有些部分會重複出現。
注意
Text: Grandma and the Great Gourd: A Bengali Folktale, retold by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni. Student book 3A pages 19–41.篇名：《奶奶與大葫蘆：孟加拉民間故事》（Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni 改寫）。課本 3A 第 19–41 頁。
3Reading skill: Analyze Plot and Setting閱讀技能：分析情節與場景
AAnalyze Plot and Setting分析情節與場景
- To analyze the plot, you look at how the events are linked. Most plots have a problem, events that try to fix it, and a resolution (how the problem ends). To analyze the setting, you ask how the time and place change what the characters can do. A dark forest, a snowy road, or a busy market can each push a story in a different direction.分析情節，就是看事件之間怎麼連起來。大多數情節都有一個問題、一連串想解決問題的事件，還有結局（resolution，問題最後怎麼收尾）。分析場景，就是問：時間和地點怎麼影響角色能做的事？黑暗的森林、下雪的路或熱鬧的市場，都會把故事帶往不同方向。
Story map故事地圖
| Part部分 | Question to ask要問的問題 |
|---|---|
| Setting場景 | When and where does it happen? How does the place matter?什麼時候、在哪裡發生？這個地方有什麼影響？ |
| Characters角色 | Who is in the story? Who is the main character?故事裡有誰？誰是主角？ |
| Problem問題 | What goes wrong, or what does the main character want?出了什麼問題？主角想要什麼？ |
| Events事件 | What happens first, next, and after that?先發生什麼？接著呢？再來呢？ |
| Resolution結局 | How is the problem solved at the end?最後問題怎麼解決？ |
How to analyze plot and setting怎麼分析情節與場景
| Step步驟 | What to do做法 |
|---|---|
| 1. Picture the place1. 想像地點 | Find words that tell the time and place.找出說明時間和地點的字。 |
| 2. Name the problem2. 說出問題 | Say what goes wrong in one sentence.用一句話說出出了什麼問題。 |
| 3. Link the events3. 連起事件 | Use first, next, then, and finally.用 first、next、then、finally 串起來。 |
| 4. Ask why the setting matters4. 問場景為什麼重要 | Could this happen the same way somewhere else?換個地方，事情還會這樣發生嗎？ |
- Practice story (made up for this note): A boy named Teo lives on a farm far from town. One winter night, a storm knocks out the power. The roads are covered in snow, so no one can drive to help. Teo finds an old lamp in the barn, and his family stays warm by the stove until morning.練習故事（本筆記自編）：男孩 Teo 住在離城鎮很遠的農場。一個冬夜，暴風雪讓電停了。路都被雪蓋住，沒有人能開車來幫忙。Teo 在穀倉找到一盞舊燈，一家人圍著火爐取暖，撐到天亮。
Common mistakes常見錯誤
| Mistake錯誤 | Correct正確 | Why原因 |
|---|---|---|
| ✗ The setting is Teo.✗ 場景是 Teo。 | ✓ The setting is a farm far from town on a winter night.✓ 場景是冬夜裡一個離城鎮很遠的農場。 | A setting is a time and a place, not a person.場景是時間和地點，不是人。 |
| ✗ The problem is that Teo finds a lamp.✗ 問題是 Teo 找到一盞燈。 | ✓ The problem is that the power goes out and no one can come.✓ 問題是停電了，而且沒有人能來幫忙。 | Finding the lamp helps solve the problem; it is not the problem.找到燈是在解決問題，不是問題本身。 |
| ✗ The setting does not matter in this story.✗ 這個故事的場景不重要。 | ✓ The snowy roads matter because they keep help away.✓ 下雪的路很重要，因為它讓救援進不來。 | Check how the place changes what can happen.要檢查地點怎麼改變了可能發生的事。 |
自我檢查
In the practice story, how does the setting make the problem harder?在練習故事中，場景怎麼讓問題變得更難？
看答案
The farm is far from town and the roads are snowy, so no one can drive there to help.農場離城鎮很遠，路又積雪，所以沒有人能開車去幫忙。
4Text Analysis (read after the text)課文分析（讀完課文再看）
AAnalysis: Grandma and the Great Gourd分析：《奶奶與大葫蘆》
- Main idea: A brave, quick-thinking grandmother uses clever words, a clever plan, and her loyal dogs to get through a dangerous jungle and back home. Structure: A journey there and back. Three meetings on the way out are matched by three meetings on the way home, so the story repeats in a pattern.主旨：一位勇敢又機靈的奶奶，靠著聰明的話、聰明的計畫和忠心的狗，穿過危險的叢林，平安回家。 結構：去程與回程。去程的三次相遇和回程的三次相遇互相對應，所以故事照著模式重複。
- Plot and setting (story map):
- Characters: Grandma, her dogs Kalu and Bhulu, her daughter, a fox, a bear, and a tiger.
- Setting: a village in India beside a deep jungle. The jungle is full of hungry animals, and it stands between Grandma and her daughter, so the setting creates the danger.
- Problem: Grandma must cross the jungle twice, and three animals want to eat her.
- Key events: she talks each animal into waiting until she is fatter; she enjoys her visit; she rolls home hidden inside a sealed gourd; the fox breaks the gourd open.
- Resolution: she sings for her dogs, and they chase the fox away.
- Theme: Clever thinking and loyal friends can help you face danger.
情節與場景（故事地圖）：- 角色：奶奶、她的狗 Kalu 和 Bhulu、她的女兒、狐狸、熊和老虎。
- 場景：印度一個緊鄰深林的村莊。叢林裡滿是飢餓的動物，又隔在奶奶和女兒之間，所以場景製造了危險。
- 問題：奶奶必須兩次穿越叢林，而三隻動物都想吃她。
- 關鍵事件：她說服每隻動物等她變胖再吃；她開心地探望女兒；她躲在封好的葫蘆裡滾回家；狐狸把葫蘆弄破。
- 結局：她唱歌呼喚她的狗，狗把狐狸趕走。
- 主題：聰明的頭腦和忠實的朋友能幫你面對危險。
這課的重點字
- traditional tale傳統故事
- setting場景
- conflict衝突；問題
- plot情節