Lord of the Flies

Lord of the Flies (1954) is the first novel by the British writer William Golding. During a war, a plane carrying a group of English schoolboys crashes on an uninhabited tropical island, and there are no adults with them. At first the boys enjoy their freedom and try to organize themselves with a chief, meetings, and rules. But fear, rivalry, and the excitement of hunting slowly test whether they can stay civilized. It is one of the most widely read novels in English-speaking schools.《Lord of the Flies》（1954，中譯《蒼蠅王》）是英國作家威廉·高汀的第一部小說。在一場戰爭中，一架載著一群英國學童的飛機墜落在一座無人的熱帶島嶼上，身邊沒有任何大人。一開始，男孩們享受著自由，試著用領袖、集會和規則來組織自己。但恐懼、競爭和打獵帶來的刺激，漸漸考驗著他們能否保持文明。這是英語系國家學校裡最常被閱讀的小說之一。

Structure: twelve chapters, told by a third-person narrator who follows several boys, especially Ralph. These notes cover one chapter per lesson, grouped into four parts of three chapters each.結構：全書十二章，由第三人稱敘述者講述，跟隨幾個男孩，尤其是雷夫。這份筆記一章一課，每三章一組，共分四部分。

The novel includes bullying, violent hunting of animals, fights between children, and the deaths of several boys. These events are part of the book's serious questions about human nature and are described in these notes briefly and without graphic detail.這本小說包含霸凌、暴力的獵殺動物、孩子之間的打鬥，以及幾個男孩的死亡。這些事件是本書探討人性這個嚴肅問題的一部分，在這份筆記中會簡短描述，不涉及血腥細節。

William Golding (1911–1993) was born in Cornwall, England. He worked as a schoolteacher in Salisbury, and during World War II he served in the Royal Navy, including during the D-Day landings in 1944. His experience of the war and of teaching boys shaped his ideas about human nature. Lord of the Flies was rejected by many publishers before it was printed in 1954. Golding won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1983.威廉·高汀（1911–1993）生於英格蘭康瓦耳。他曾在索爾茲伯里當中學老師，二次大戰期間在英國皇家海軍服役，參與過 1944 年的諾曼第登陸。戰爭經驗和教導男孩的經歷，形塑了他對人性的看法。《蒼蠅王》在 1954 年出版前，曾被許多出版社退稿。高汀在 1983 年獲得諾貝爾文學獎。

Golding's other novels include The Inheritors (1955), about early humans; Pincher Martin (1956), about a sailor struggling to survive on a rock in the ocean; The Spire (1964); and Rites of Passage (1980), which won the Booker Prize.高汀的其他小說包括描寫早期人類的《The Inheritors》（1955）；講述一名水手在海中岩石上掙扎求生的《Pincher Martin》（1956）；《The Spire》（1964）；以及獲得布克獎的《Rites of Passage》（1980）。