第 1 單元，第 1 課
Vocabulary單字
這課一眼看
Unit words: Life in the city單元單字：城市生活
- capital首都: The main city of a country.
- urban都市的；城市的: Of a city or town.
- community社區；社群: The people of one place, or the place itself.
- skyscraper摩天大樓: A very tall building.
- architecture建築；建築風格: The style or design of buildings.
- resident居民: A person who lives in a place.
- special特別的: Not ordinary; important to you.
- unusual不尋常的: Not usual; different.
- outdoor / indoor: Outside a building / inside a building.
- rural鄉村的: Of the countryside.
- symbol象徵；符號: A thing that stands for an idea.
- design設計: To decide how something will look and work.
- plan計畫；規劃: To decide what to do before doing it.
Vocabulary strategy: Prefix un-單字策略：字首 un-
- prefix字首: A word part added to the front of a word.
- un-字首 un-（表示「不」）: A prefix that usually means not.
Vocabulary strategy: Use context單字策略：利用上下文
- context上下文: The words around a new word that help you guess its meaning.
1Unit words: Life in the city單元單字：城市生活
AWords for places in a city城市裡的地方
- These words name parts of a city. Read the sentences. The bold words are the new words.
- Taipei is the capital of Taiwan.
- My uncle lives in an urban area with many shops and buses.
- Our community has a small library and a night market.
- The tallest skyscraper in our city has an elevator to the top floor.
- The old train station has beautiful architecture.
- Every resident of the building gets a key to the garden.
這些字是城市裡的地方和相關的人。讀句子，粗體字是本課新字。- 台北是台灣的首都。
- 我叔叔住在一個有很多商店和公車的都市地區。
- 我們的社區有一間小圖書館和一個夜市。
- 我們城市最高的摩天大樓有電梯可以到頂樓。
- 舊火車站有很美的建築。
- 這棟大樓的每一位居民都有一把花園的鑰匙。
Words for places in a city城市裡的地方
| Word單字 | Part of speech詞性 | Simple meaning簡單解釋 |
|---|---|---|
| capitalcapital | noun名詞 | the main city of a country, where the government is一個國家的主要城市，政府所在地 |
| urbanurban | adjective形容詞 | of a city or town城市的 |
| communitycommunity | noun名詞 | the people who live in one place, or the place itself住在同一個地方的人，或指那個地方 |
| skyscraperskyscraper | noun名詞 | a very tall building非常高的大樓 |
| architecturearchitecture | noun名詞 | the style of buildings, or the art of designing them建築的風格，或設計建築的藝術 |
| residentresident | noun名詞 | a person who lives in a place住在某地的人 |
注意
Capital has two meanings in English. In this unit, it means the main city of a country. In writing class, a capital letter is a big letter like T or A.capital 在英文裡有兩個意思。在這個單元，它指一個國家的首都。在寫作課上，capital letter 是大寫字母，例如 T 或 A。
自我檢查
Which word fits? Many ___ of the old street do not want the night market to close.哪個字適合？Many ___ of the old street do not want the night market to close.
看答案
residents. A resident is a person who lives in a place, and the sentence is about the people who live on the street.residents。resident 是住在某地的人，這句話說的是住在這條街上的人。
BWords for describing a place描述地方的字
- These words tell what a place is like.
- The night market is a special place for my family. We go there every birthday.
- A pink bus is unusual. Most buses in our town are white.
- On sunny days, we eat lunch at the outdoor tables.
- When it rains, the market moves to an indoor hall.
- My grandparents live in a rural village with rice fields and few cars.
- The red lantern is a symbol of good luck.
這些字告訴我們一個地方是什麼樣子。- 夜市對我們家來說是個特別的地方。我們每次生日都去那裡。
- 粉紅色的公車很不尋常，我們鎮上的公車大多是白色的。
- 天氣好的時候，我們在戶外的桌子吃午餐。
- 下雨時，市集會搬到室內的大廳。
- 我的祖父母住在一個有稻田、車很少的鄉村。
- 紅燈籠是好運的象徵。
Words for describing a place描述地方的字
| Word單字 | Part of speech詞性 | Simple meaning簡單解釋 | Opposite or partner word相反詞或搭檔字 |
|---|---|---|---|
| specialspecial | adjective形容詞 | not ordinary; important to you不普通的；對你很重要的 | ordinaryordinary（普通的） |
| unusualunusual | adjective形容詞 | not usual; different from most不尋常的；和大多數不同 | usualusual（通常的） |
| outdooroutdoor | adjective形容詞 | outside, not in a building戶外的 | indoorindoor（室內的） |
| indoorindoor | adjective形容詞 | inside a building室內的 | outdooroutdoor（戶外的） |
| ruralrural | adjective形容詞 | of the countryside鄉村的 | urbanurban（城市的） |
| symbolsymbol | noun名詞 | a thing that stands for an idea代表某個想法的東西；象徵 | signsign（標誌） |
注意
Outdoor and indoor go before a noun: an outdoor pool, an indoor market. To say where something happens, use outdoors or inside: We eat outdoors. The cat sleeps inside.outdoor 和 indoor 放在名詞前面：an outdoor pool（戶外游泳池）、an indoor market（室內市場）。要說「在哪裡發生」，用 outdoors 或 inside：We eat outdoors.（我們在戶外吃。）The cat sleeps inside.（貓在室內睡。）
自我檢查
Choose the right word. (1) My cousin's farm is in a (rural / urban) area. (2) The gym is an (indoor / outdoor) place.選出正確的字。(1) My cousin's farm is in a (rural / urban) area. (2) The gym is an (indoor / outdoor) place.
看答案
(1) rural, because a farm is in the countryside. (2) indoor, because a gym is inside a building.(1) rural，因為農場在鄉下。(2) indoor，因為健身房在建築物裡面。
CVerbs for making a city建造城市的動詞
- Two verbs in this unit are about making places.
- Students design a new playground for the school. They draw it on paper first.
- The city plans a new bike path along the river. Work starts next year.
這個單元有兩個關於建造地方的動詞。- 學生為學校設計一座新的遊樂場。他們先畫在紙上。
- 市政府計畫沿著河邊建一條新的自行車道。明年開工。
Design and plandesign 與 plan
| Word單字 | As a verb當動詞 | As a noun當名詞 |
|---|---|---|
| designdesign | to decide how something will look and work: She designs posters.決定東西的外觀和功能：她設計海報。 | the look of something: I like the design of this bag.東西的外觀設計：我喜歡這個包包的設計。 |
| planplan | to decide what to do before you do it: We plan our trip in May.在做之前先決定要做什麼：我們五月規劃旅行。 | an idea for the future: What is your plan for Sunday?對未來的想法；計畫：你星期天有什麼計畫？ |
自我檢查
Fill in design or plan: My sister wants to ___ clothes when she grows up.填入 design 或 plan：My sister wants to ___ clothes when she grows up.
看答案
design. To design clothes means to decide how the clothes will look.design。design clothes 是決定衣服的樣子。
2Vocabulary strategy: Prefix un-單字策略：字首 un-
AWhat the prefix un- does字首 un- 的作用
- A prefix is a small part added to the front of a word. The prefix un- usually means not. If you know usual, you also know unusual: not usual. Learning prefixes helps you understand many new words quickly.字首（prefix）是加在單字前面的小部分。字首 un- 通常表示「不」。如果你認識 usual（通常的），就也認識 unusual（不尋常的）。學會字首可以讓你很快看懂許多新字。
Words with un-帶 un- 的字
| Base word原字 | With un-加 un- | Meaning意思 | Example例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| usualusual | unusualunusual | not usual不尋常的 | Snow is unusual in Taipei.台北下雪很不尋常。 |
| happyhappy | unhappyunhappy | not happy; sad不快樂的 | The baby is unhappy because he is hungry.寶寶不開心，因為他餓了。 |
| safesafe | unsafeunsafe | not safe; dangerous不安全的 | This old bridge is unsafe.這座舊橋不安全。 |
| knownknown | unknownunknown | not known不知道的；不為人知的 | The writer of the song is unknown.這首歌的作者不為人知。 |
| friendlyfriendly | unfriendlyunfriendly | not friendly不友善的 | The dog next door is unfriendly.隔壁的狗不友善。 |
| healthyhealthy | unhealthyunhealthy | not healthy不健康的 | Too much sugar is unhealthy.太多糖不健康。 |
注意
With some verbs, un- means the opposite action, not just not: lock → unlock, pack → unpack. You unlock a door; you do not “not lock” it.有些動詞加 un- 是「相反的動作」，不只是「不」：lock（鎖）→ unlock（開鎖）、pack（打包）→ unpack（拆開行李）。unlock 是把門打開，不是「沒有鎖」。
自我檢查
What does unclear mean? Explain using the prefix.unclear 是什麼意思？用字首來解釋。
看答案
Unclear means not clear. Un- means not, and clear means easy to see or understand.unclear 是「不清楚的」。un- 是「不」，clear 是「清楚的、容易看懂的」。
BUsing un- words correctly正確使用 un- 的字
- You cannot add un- to every word. Say not big, not a word like unbig. When you meet a new un- word, cover the un- and look at the base word. Then add not to the meaning.不是每個字都能加 un-。要說 not big，沒有 unbig 這種字。遇到新的 un- 字時，先遮住 un-，看原字的意思，再加上「不」。
Common mistakes with un-un- 的常見錯誤
| Mistake錯誤 | Correct正確 | Why原因 |
|---|---|---|
| ✗ The room is unbig.✗ The room is unbig. | ✓ The room is small. / The room is not big.✓ The room is small. / The room is not big. | Big does not take un-.big 不能加 un-。 |
| ✗ The food is not unhealthy, so don't eat it.✗ The food is not unhealthy, so don't eat it. | ✓ The food is unhealthy, so don't eat it.✓ The food is unhealthy, so don't eat it. | Not unhealthy means healthy. Two negatives change the meaning.not unhealthy 的意思是健康的。兩個否定會把意思反過來。 |
| ✗ I unlike cold weather.✗ I unlike cold weather. | ✓ I don't like cold weather. / I dislike cold weather.✓ I don't like cold weather. / I dislike cold weather. | Like takes dis-, not un-.like 的否定字首是 dis-，不是 un-。 |
自我檢查
Rewrite with an un- word: The road is not safe at night.用 un- 的字改寫：The road is not safe at night.
看答案
The road is unsafe at night.The road is unsafe at night.（這條路晚上不安全。）
3Vocabulary strategy: Use context單字策略：利用上下文
AClues around a new word新字周圍的線索
- The context is the words and sentences around a new word. You often do not need a dictionary. Look before and after the word for a clue. The clue can be a short explanation, an example, or an opposite.上下文（context）是新字前後的字和句子。你常常不需要查字典。看看這個字的前面和後面，找線索。線索可能是簡短的解釋、例子，或相反詞。
Kinds of context clues上下文線索的種類
| Clue線索 | Signal信號 | Example例句 | Meaning you can guess可以猜到的意思 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Explanation解釋 | a comma, or, or means逗號、or、means | Our city has many commuters, people who travel to work every day.我們的城市有很多 commuters，也就是每天通勤上班的人。 | commuter = a person who travels to workcommuter＝通勤的人 |
| Example例子 | such as, like, for examplesuch as、like、for example | The park has many facilities, such as toilets, benches, and a playground.公園有很多 facilities，例如廁所、長椅和遊樂場。 | facility = a useful thing in a placefacility＝某地方提供的設施 |
| Opposite相反 | but, not, unlikebut、not、unlike | The old street is narrow, but the new road is wide.舊街很 narrow，但新路很寬。 | narrow = not widenarrow＝不寬的；狹窄的 |
| Picture or situation畫面或情境 | what is happening正在發生的事 | She waters the plants on the balcony every morning.她每天早上在 balcony 澆花。 | balcony = a small outdoor space on a buildingbalcony＝建築物外側的小戶外空間；陽台 |
注意
Do not stop reading at a new word. Finish the sentence, and maybe the next one. The clue is often after the word.遇到新字不要停下來。把這一句讀完，也許再讀下一句。線索常常在新字的後面。
自我檢查
Guess the meaning of crowded: The MRT is crowded at eight, so I cannot find a seat.猜 crowded 的意思：The MRT is crowded at eight, so I cannot find a seat.
看答案
Crowded means full of people. The clue is “I cannot find a seat”.crowded 是「擠滿人的」。線索是「我找不到座位」。
BTry it: Guess, then check實際練習：先猜再確認
- Follow three steps. First, read the whole sentence. Second, guess the meaning from the clue. Third, put your guess into the sentence. If the sentence still makes sense, your guess is probably right.照三個步驟做。第一，讀完整句。第二，從線索猜意思。第三，把你猜的意思放回句子裡。如果句子還是通順，你的猜測大概是對的。
Three steps三個步驟
| Step步驤 | What you do做法 | Example例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Read the whole sentence1. 讀完整句 | Do not stop at the new word.不要在新字停住。 | The fountain in the square sprays water high into the air.廣場上的 fountain 把水噴得很高。 |
| 2. Find the clue2. 找線索 | Look for an explanation, an example, or an opposite.找解釋、例子或相反詞。 | sprays water high into the air把水噴得很高 |
| 3. Test your guess3. 檢查猜測 | Put the meaning back into the sentence.把意思放回句子。 | A fountain is a thing that sends up water. That makes sense.fountain 是會噴水的東西。句子說得通。 |
自我檢查
Use the three steps: The alley behind our school is so narrow that two bikes cannot pass at the same time. What is an alley?用三個步驤：The alley behind our school is so narrow that two bikes cannot pass at the same time. alley 是什麼？
看答案
An alley is a small, narrow street. The clue is that two bikes cannot pass each other, so it is a very narrow road.alley 是又小又窄的街道；巷子。線索是兩台腳踏車不能同時通過，所以它是很窄的路。
這課的重點字
- capital首都
- urban都市的；城市的
- community社區；社群
- skyscraper摩天大樓
- architecture建築；建築風格
- resident居民
- special特別的
- unusual不尋常的