第 1 單元，第 1 課
The Kite Fighters《風箏鬥士》節選
這課一眼看
Reading skill: Determine theme閱讀技巧：找出主題
- theme主題: A big idea or life lesson that repeats in a story.
Words to know重要單字
- reel捲線器；線軸: A round device that winds up string or fishing line.
- impatient不耐煩的: Not wanting to wait for something.
- desire渴望；想要: To want or wish for something very much.
- command命令: An order that tells someone what they must do.
- gesture手勢；姿勢: A movement of the body that shows a feeling or idea.
- superior上級；長官: A person with a higher rank or position than you.
- context clue上下文線索: Nearby words that help you guess an unknown word.
1About the text認識這篇文章
AA boy and a young king on a hillside山坡上的男孩與少年國王
- This reading is an excerpt from a historical novel by Linda Sue Park. She was born in Illinois, USA, to parents who came from South Korea, and she won the Newbery Medal for her book A Single Shard. The story takes place in old Korea. Young-sup is the son of a rice merchant. His older brother, Kee-sup, is making a special kite for the King, who is also a boy.這篇文章節選自琳達．蘇．朴（Linda Sue Park）的歷史小說。她出生於美國伊利諾州，父母是從南韓移民過去的，她曾以《碎瓷片》（A Single Shard）獲得紐伯瑞兒童文學獎。故事發生在古代的韓國。英燮（Young-sup）是一位米商的兒子，他的哥哥基燮（Kee-sup）正在為國王製作一只特別的風箏，而這位國王也還是個少年。
- One day the King visits Young-sup while he is flying his kite alone. The King sends his servants and guards down the hill. He wants to practice flying, and he also wants to learn how ordinary boys talk to each other. Since he became king as a child, he has only learned to speak in a formal, careful way.某天，英燮獨自在山坡上放風箏時，國王來找他。國王讓僕人和侍衛都退到山腳下。他想練習放風箏，也想學一般男孩之間怎麼說話。他從小就當上國王，只學過用正式、謹慎的方式說話。
- Young-sup is afraid to speak casually to a king, so he suggests that the King make it a command. Teaching kite flying is easy, but teaching casual speech is hard. Finally, Young-sup pushes the King and takes the reel. He asks the King what he was really thinking. The King learns to say what is in his mind, and the two boys run and laugh together like friends.英燮不敢隨便跟國王說話，所以他建議國王把這件事變成一道命令。教放風箏很容易，教輕鬆的說話方式卻很難。最後，英燮推了國王一下，搶走線軸，然後問國王當下心裡真正在想什麼。國王學會把心裡的話直接說出來，兩個男孩像朋友一樣一起奔跑、大笑。
自我檢查
How does this story connect to the question about friends who are different from us?這個故事和「我們能從與自己不同的朋友身上學到什麼」這個問題有什麼關聯？
看答案
Young-sup and the King live very different lives, but each teaches the other something. Their friendship shows that differences can be crossed.英燮和國王的生活非常不同，但他們都教了對方一些事。他們的友誼說明了差異是可以跨越的。
2Reading skill: Determine theme閱讀技巧：找出主題
AWhat a theme is and how to find it什麼是主題，以及如何找出主題
- A theme is a big idea about life that comes up again and again in a story. Writers usually do not say the theme directly, so readers must infer it. A theme is not the same as the topic. The topic can be one word, like friendship. The theme is a full idea, like friendship can grow between very different people.主題（theme）是故事中反覆出現、關於人生的重要想法。作者通常不會直接說出主題，所以讀者必須自己推論。主題和題材不一樣：題材可以只是一個詞，例如「友誼」；主題則是一個完整的想法，例如「非常不同的人之間也能產生友誼」。
Four steps to find a theme找出主題的四個步驟
| Step步驟 | What to do要做什麼 | The Kite Fighters《風箏鬥士》 |
|---|---|---|
| 11 | Name the topic.說出題材。 | friendship between people of different ranks不同身分的人之間的友誼 |
| 22 | Summarize the plot: beginning, conflict, resolution.摘要情節：開頭、衝突、結局。 | The King wants to talk like a normal boy; it is hard; Young-sup finds a way.國王想像普通男孩一樣說話；這很難；英燮想出了辦法。 |
| 33 | Study the main characters. How do they change?分析主要角色：他們如何改變？ | The King relaxes; Young-sup stops being afraid.國王放鬆了；英燮不再害怕。 |
| 44 | Say what the characters learned as a life lesson.把角色學到的事說成一個人生道理。 | Friendship can overcome differences.友誼能克服差異。 |
注意
Write a theme as a complete sentence, not one word. All people need friends is a theme; loneliness is only a topic.主題要寫成完整的句子，而不是一個詞。「每個人都需要朋友」是主題；「孤單」只是題材。
自我檢查
What does the King learn in the story, and what theme does this show?國王在故事中學到了什麼？這表現出什麼主題？
看答案
He learns to say what he really thinks and to play like an ordinary boy. This shows that true friendship can overcome differences in rank.他學會說出自己真正的想法，並像普通男孩一樣玩耍。這表現出「真正的友誼能克服身分地位的差異」這個主題。
3Grammar: Simple past vs. past continuous文法：過去簡單式與過去進行式
ATwo past tenses, two jobs兩種過去式，兩種用途
- Both tenses talk about the past. Use the simple past for a finished action or for events in order. Use the past continuous (was or were + verb-ing) for an action in progress at a past time, or for two actions happening at the same time. When a short action interrupts a longer one, use the simple past for the short action.這兩種時態都用來談過去。過去簡單式用於已完成的動作，或依序發生的事件。過去進行式（was／were＋動詞-ing）用於過去某個時間正在進行的動作，或同時發生的兩個動作。當一個短暫的動作打斷一個較長的動作時，短暫的動作用過去簡單式。
Simple past and past continuous過去簡單式與過去進行式
| Use用法 | Form形式 | Example例句 |
|---|---|---|
| finished action已完成的動作 | verb + -ed / irregular form動詞＋-ed／不規則變化 | We flew a kite last Sunday.我們上週日放了風箏。 |
| events in order依序發生的事件 | simple past, simple past過去簡單式＋過去簡單式 | He opened the box, took out the kite, and smiled.他打開盒子，拿出風箏，然後笑了。 |
| action in progress正在進行的動作 | was / were + verb-ingwas／were＋動詞-ing | At 4 p.m. I was practicing my speech.下午四點時，我正在練習演講。 |
| two actions at the same time同時進行的兩個動作 | past continuous + past continuous過去進行式＋過去進行式 | Mom was cooking while Dad was washing the car.媽媽在煮飯，同時爸爸在洗車。 |
| interruption被打斷的動作 | past continuous + when + simple past過去進行式＋when＋過去簡單式 | I was reading when the phone rang.電話響的時候，我正在看書。 |
注意
Some verbs, like be, know and like, are not normally used in the continuous form. Say My best friend was kind, not My best friend was being kind (unless you mean behavior at one moment). Also remember irregular past forms: fall becomes fell, see becomes saw.有些動詞，例如 be、know、like，通常不用進行式。要說 My best friend was kind，而不是 was being kind（除非指某一刻的行為）。也要記住不規則的過去式：fall 變成 fell，see 變成 saw。
自我檢查
Choose the correct forms: While Young-sup (practiced / was practicing) on the hill, the King (arrived / was arriving).選出正確的形式：While Young-sup (practiced / was practicing) on the hill, the King (arrived / was arriving).
看答案
While Young-sup was practicing on the hill, the King arrived. The long action uses the past continuous; the short interruption uses the simple past.While Young-sup was practicing on the hill, the King arrived. 較長的動作用過去進行式；打斷它的短暫動作用過去簡單式。
4Words to know重要單字
AKey vocabulary關鍵字彙
- A fisher winds the string onto a reel. A child who cannot wait for a trip feels impatient. If you desire something, you want it very much. A command is an order that people must follow. A wave of the hand is a gesture. Your boss or a king is your superior because they have a higher rank than you.釣魚的人把線捲到捲線器（reel）上。等不及要去旅行的孩子會感到不耐煩（impatient）。如果你渴望（desire）某件事，就是非常想要它。命令（command）是大家必須遵守的指示。揮手是一種手勢（gesture）。你的老闆或國王是你的上級（superior），因為他們的地位比你高。
- In the story, these words help show the gap between the boys. The King gives commands and has no superior, but he desires a simple friendship. He stops his guards with one gesture. Young-sup winds the kite string onto the reel before he bows to the King.在故事中，這些字幫助呈現兩個男孩之間的距離。國王下達命令，也沒有上級，但他渴望一段單純的友誼。他只用一個手勢就讓侍衛停下。英燮則在向國王行禮之前，先把風箏線捲回線軸上。
自我檢查
Use superior and command in one sentence of your own.用 superior 和 command 自己造一個句子。
看答案
In the army, a soldier must follow every command from his superior.在軍隊裡，士兵必須服從上級的每一道命令。
BVocabulary skill: Use context clues字彙技巧：利用上下文線索
- Context clues are nearby words that help you guess the meaning of a new word. A clue can be a synonym, an antonym, a definition, or an example. To use them, circle the new word, read the sentences before and after it, underline helpful words, and make a guess. Then read the sentence again to check that your guess makes sense.上下文線索（context clues）是生字附近、能幫助你猜出字義的字詞。線索可能是同義詞、反義詞、定義或例子。使用方法：把生字圈起來，讀它前後的句子，在有幫助的字詞下面畫線，然後猜測字義。最後再讀一次句子，確認你的猜測說得通。
Types of context clues上下文線索的種類
| Type種類 | Example sentence例句 | Meaning of the new word生字的意思 |
|---|---|---|
| synonym同義詞 | She was furious, really angry, about the broken window.她對破掉的窗戶非常 furious，真的很生氣。 | furious = very angryfurious＝非常生氣 |
| antonym反義詞 | He felt restless in class but tried to sit calmly.他上課時覺得 restless，但努力安靜地坐著。 | restless = the opposite of calmrestless＝和「平靜」相反 |
| example舉例 | We saw many rodents, such as mice and rats.我們看到很多 rodents，例如老鼠。 | rodents = small animals like micerodents＝像老鼠一樣的小動物 |
自我檢查
Find the clue: The old man was frail, so weak that he could not lift a cup. What does frail mean?找出線索：The old man was frail, so weak that he could not lift a cup. frail 是什麼意思？
看答案
Frail means weak and not healthy. The words so weak are a synonym clue.frail 的意思是虛弱、不健康。so weak 是同義詞線索。
這課的重點字
- reel捲線器；線軸
- impatient不耐煩的
- desire渴望；想要
- command命令
- gesture手勢；姿勢
- superior上級；長官
- theme主題
- context clue上下文線索