第 1 單元，第 1 課
What’s Your Group ID?〈你的團體身分是什麼？〉
這課一眼看
About the text認識這篇文章
- values價值觀: Beliefs about what is important and right in life.
Reading strategy: Preview and predict閱讀策略：預覽與預測
- preview預覽: To look over a text quickly before reading it closely.
- predict預測: To make a smart guess about what will come next.
Grammar: Defining relative clauses文法：限定用法的關係子句
- relative clause關係子句: A clause that describes a noun and starts with who, that, which, etc.
- relative pronoun關係代名詞: A word like who, that, or which that begins a relative clause.
Words to know重要單字
- context clues上下文線索: Words around an unknown word that help show its meaning.
- acquaintance認識的人；泛泛之交: Someone you know slightly but who is not a close friend.
- conform順從；遵從: To act or think in the same way as other people.
- identity身分；自我認同: The qualities and beliefs that make a person who they are.
- peer同儕（的）: Of the same age, grade, or group as you.
1About the text認識這篇文章
AAn article about fitting in一篇關於融入團體的文章
- "What's Your Group ID?" is a nonfiction magazine article by Kathiann Kowalski. It is written for teenagers and asks how far you should go to fit in with a group. The writer mixes facts with advice from a psychologist, Steven G. Little, and with comments from several teens who share their own experiences.〈你的團體身分是什麼？〉是凱絲琳．科瓦爾斯基寫的一篇非小說類雜誌文章。文章寫給青少年看，探討為了融入團體，你應該做到什麼程度。作者把事實、心理學家史蒂芬．利托的建議，以及幾位青少年分享的親身經驗結合在一起。
- The article has several sections:
- Why groups are good: friends give support during the teen years, help shape who you are, and help you learn to get along with others.
- Why cliques can be a problem: they may push members to act the same and may treat outsiders badly.
- How to make friends: like yourself, be friendly, start with one or two people, and look outside school too.
- Why differences matter: real friends accept you as you are.
文章分成幾個部分：- 團體的好處：朋友在青少年時期給予支持，幫助塑造你是誰，也讓你學會和別人相處。
- 小圈圈可能的問題：可能逼成員表現得一模一樣，也可能對圈外人不友善。
- 如何交朋友：先喜歡自己、對人友善、從一兩個人開始交朋友，也可以到校外找朋友。
- 差異為什麼重要：真正的朋友會接納原本的你。
BMain ideas and the big question主旨與單元大哉問
- The main message is balance. Belonging to a group is healthy and important, but you should never give up your own values or change your whole personality to be accepted. If friends pressure you to do something you think is wrong, they may not be true friends. The writer also says it is fine to leave a group politely when you no longer share interests.文章的核心訊息是「平衡」。屬於一個團體是健康又重要的事，但你不該為了被接受而放棄自己的價值觀，或徹底改變個性。如果朋友逼你做你認為錯誤的事，他們可能不是真朋友。作者也提到，當你和團體不再有共同興趣時，有禮貌地離開也沒關係。
- This connects to the unit question: Why is it important to belong? The article shows that belonging gives us support and helps build our identity. At the same time, it reminds us that we can be part of a group without losing what makes us unique.這篇文章和單元大哉問「為什麼歸屬感很重要？」相呼應。文章說明，歸屬感能給我們支持，也能幫助建立我們的自我認同。同時也提醒我們：我們可以成為團體的一份子，而不失去自己的獨特之處。
自我檢查
According to the article, what is one sign that a group is a negative clique?根據文章，一個團體是負面小圈圈的跡象之一是什麼？
看答案
Its members are unkind to outsiders and make them feel unwanted, or they pressure members to act against their own values.成員對圈外人不友善、讓他們覺得自己不受歡迎，或者逼成員做違背自己價值觀的事。
2Reading strategy: Preview and predict閱讀策略：預覽與預測
AWhat previewing and predicting mean預覽和預測是什麼意思
- To preview a text means to look over it quickly before you read it closely. To predict means to use what you noticed to make a smart guess about what the whole text will be about. This strategy gives you a purpose for reading and helps you stay focused.預覽一篇文章，是指在仔細閱讀之前先快速瀏覽一遍。預測則是根據你注意到的線索，對整篇文章的內容做出合理的猜測。這個策略讓你帶著目的閱讀，也能幫助你保持專注。
How to preview and predict如何預覽與預測
| Step步驟 | What to do怎麼做 |
|---|---|
| 1. Look1. 看 | Read the title and headings. Look at the photos and read the captions.讀標題和小標題，看照片並讀圖說。 |
| 2. Guess2. 猜 | Use these clues to make a prediction. Ask: What will this text be about?用這些線索做預測。問自己：這篇文章會講什麼？ |
| 3. Check3. 檢查 | After reading, decide if your prediction was right. Explain how close it was.讀完後判斷預測是否正確，並說明有多接近。 |
BThe strategy in action實際運用策略
- Here is an example. The title asks about your "group ID," and the subtitle asks how far you would go to fit in. The headings talk about groups, cliques, friendship, and differences. The photos show teens having fun together. So a good prediction is: the article will explain the good and bad sides of teen groups and give advice about making friends.舉個例子。標題問你的「團體身分」，副標題問你為了融入會做到什麼程度。小標題談到團體、小圈圈、友誼和差異，照片則是青少年一起玩樂的畫面。所以一個好的預測是：這篇文章會說明青少年團體的優缺點，並提供交朋友的建議。
注意
A prediction does not have to be perfect. The goal is to read actively. If your guess was wrong, ask yourself which clue misled you.預測不一定要完全正確，重點是主動閱讀。如果猜錯了，問問自己是哪個線索讓你誤判。
自我檢查
You see a heading that says "Fitting In vs. Blending In." What can you predict about that section?你看到一個小標題寫著「融入 vs. 隱沒」，你可以預測這一段會講什麼？
看答案
It will probably compare being accepted by a group with disappearing into the crowd and losing your individuality.大概會比較「被團體接納」和「消失在人群中、失去個人特色」這兩件事的不同。
3Grammar: Defining relative clauses文法：限定用法的關係子句
ARules and relative pronouns規則與關係代名詞
- A defining relative clause gives information we need to know which person, thing, place, or time we mean. It comes right after the noun. It begins with a relative pronoun and has its own subject and verb. Do not put commas around it, because the information is necessary.限定用法的關係子句提供必要的資訊，讓我們知道指的是哪一個人、事物、地點或時間。它緊跟在名詞後面，以關係代名詞開頭，並有自己的主詞和動詞。因為資訊是必要的，所以前後不加逗號。
Choosing the relative pronoun選擇關係代名詞
| Noun名詞 | Relative pronoun關係代名詞 | Example例句 |
|---|---|---|
| person人 | who / thatwho / that | I like friends who listen carefully.我喜歡會認真聆聽的朋友。 |
| thing事物 | that / whichthat / which | This is the club that meets on Fridays.這就是星期五聚會的社團。 |
| place地點 | wherewhere | That is the café where we study after school.那就是我們放學後念書的咖啡店。 |
| time時間 | whenwhen | I remember the day when I joined the team.我記得我加入球隊的那一天。 |
| reason原因 | whywhy | Tell me the reason why you left the group.告訴我你離開那個團體的原因。 |
BSubject or object?當主詞還是受詞？
Two patterns兩種句型
| Pattern句型 | Example例句 | Can you omit the pronoun?可以省略關係代名詞嗎？ |
|---|---|---|
| pronoun = subject: who/that + verb關係代名詞當主詞：who/that + 動詞 | Students who join clubs meet new people.參加社團的學生會認識新朋友。 | No不可以 |
| pronoun = object: who/that + subject + verb關係代名詞當受詞：who/that + 主詞 + 動詞 | The girl (who) I met yesterday is friendly.我昨天認識的那個女生很友善。 | Yes, usually通常可以 |
- When the pronoun is the subject, the verb agrees with the noun before it: a student who plays, students who play. Defining relative clauses also often follow words like someone, nothing, and everything: Is there anything (that) I can do?關係代名詞當主詞時，動詞要和前面的名詞一致：a student who plays、students who play。限定用法的關係子句也常接在 someone、nothing、everything 等字後面，例如：Is there anything (that) I can do?
注意
Common mistakes: using which for people (✗ the teacher which helped me) and adding an extra object or subject (✗ the book that I read it). Say the teacher who helped me and the book that I read. Also never omit where.常見錯誤：用 which 指人（✗ the teacher which helped me），或多加一個受詞或主詞（✗ the book that I read it）。應該說 the teacher who helped me 和 the book that I read。另外，where 不可以省略。
自我檢查
Correct the sentence: A boy who live next door plays the drums.改正句子：A boy who live next door plays the drums.
看答案
A boy who lives next door plays the drums. (The verb must agree with "boy.")A boy who lives next door plays the drums.（動詞要和單數的 boy 一致，用 lives。）
4Words to know重要單字
AUsing context clues利用上下文線索
- When you meet an unknown word, use context clues: words and ideas around it that hint at its meaning. Pause at the sentence with the new word. Reread the sentences before and after it, or the whole paragraph. Then use those hints to figure out the meaning.遇到不認識的字時，可以利用上下文線索，也就是周圍能暗示字義的字詞和想法。先在含有生字的句子停下來，重讀前後的句子或整段，再利用這些提示推敲出字義。
- Example: "Mia felt ostracized after the group stopped inviting her and ignored her in class." The clues stopped inviting her and ignored her tell us that ostracized means left out or excluded.例如：「那群人不再邀請米亞、上課也不理她之後，她覺得自己被排擠了。」線索「不再邀請她」和「不理她」告訴我們，ostracized 的意思是被排除在外、被排擠。
BKey words關鍵字彙
- An acquaintance is someone you know a little, not a close friend: Leo is an acquaintance from my art class.
- To conform is to act the same way as others: Some teens conform to their friends' style.
- Your identity is the set of qualities that make you who you are: Music is a big part of her identity.
- acquaintance 是認識但不熟的人：Leo 是我美術課上認識的人。
- conform 是和別人表現一致、順從：有些青少年會跟著朋友的風格走。
- identity 是讓你成為你的特質：音樂是她自我認同中很重要的一部分。
- Peer describes people your own age or in your group: Peer support helped me through a hard year. Your classmates are your peers.
- Your values are your beliefs about what is important: Honesty is one of my most important values.
- peer 指和你同齡或同團體的人：同儕的支持幫我度過辛苦的一年。你的同學就是你的同儕。
- values 是你對什麼重要的信念：誠實是我最重要的價值觀之一。
自我檢查
Use "conform" in a sentence about school.用 conform 造一個和學校有關的句子。
看答案
At my school, students must conform to the rule that phones stay in lockers during class.在我們學校，學生必須遵守上課時手機要放在置物櫃的規定。
這課的重點字
- preview預覽
- predict預測
- relative clause關係子句
- relative pronoun關係代名詞
- context clues上下文線索
- acquaintance認識的人；泛泛之交
- conform順從；遵從
- identity身分；自我認同