第 1 單元，第 1 課
Reading: Reaching for the Moon閱讀：《飛向月球》（節選）
這課一眼看
Genre: Narrative Nonfiction文體：敘事性非虛構文本
- genre文體: A kind of writing with its own purpose and features.
- narrative nonfiction敘事性非虛構文本: A true account of real events told like a story.
- autobiography自傳: A true life story written by the person who lived it.
About the text認識這篇
- Text: Reaching for the Moon (Buzz Aldrin), student book pp. 19–33.
Reading skill: Explain Author's Purpose閱讀技能：說明作者的目的
- author's purpose作者的目的: The reason a writer writes: to inform, persuade, entertain, or share feelings.
1Genre: Narrative Nonfiction文體：敘事性非虛構文本
ATrue stories told like stories用說故事的方式寫真實的事
- Every kind of writing belongs to a genre, a group of texts with the same purpose and features. Narrative nonfiction tells about real people and real events, but it reads like a story. It has a beginning, a middle, and an end, and the events usually move forward in time. An autobiography is one kind of narrative nonfiction: the writer tells the true story of his or her own life, so it uses I, me, and my.每一種文章都屬於某個文體（genre），也就是目的和特徵相同的一群文章。敘事性非虛構文本（narrative nonfiction）寫的是真實的人和真實的事，但讀起來像故事：有開頭、中間和結尾，事件通常照時間往前推。自傳（autobiography）是其中一種：作者講自己一生的真實故事，所以會用 I、me、my。
Kinds of narrative nonfiction敘事性非虛構文本的種類
| Kind種類 | Who tells it誰來講 | Clue words線索字 |
|---|---|---|
| Autobiography自傳 | The person who lived the events親身經歷的人 | I, me, my, weI、me、my、we |
| Biography傳記 | Another writer who studied the person研究過這個人的另一位作者 | he, she, they, the person's namehe、she、they、人名 |
| Personal narrative個人敘事 | The writer, about one short event作者本人，只寫一件短短的事 | I, me, myI、me、my |
自我檢查
Which sentence most likely comes from an autobiography? (a) She was born in a small fishing town. (b) I was born in a small fishing town. (c) Fishing towns are often near the sea.哪一句最可能出自自傳？(a) She was born in a small fishing town. (b) I was born in a small fishing town. (c) Fishing towns are often near the sea.
看答案
(b). The writer uses I to tell about his or her own life.(b)。作者用 I 講自己的人生。
2About the text認識這篇
AAn autobiography about space exploration一篇與太空探索有關的自傳
- This week's reading is an autobiography, a kind of narrative nonfiction. Its topic is space exploration. It is organized mainly in chronological order.本週的閱讀是一篇自傳，屬於敘事性非虛構文本。主題是太空探索。文章大致按照時間順序安排。
注意
Text: Reaching for the Moon by Buzz Aldrin. Student book pages 19–33.篇名：《飛向月球》（Buzz Aldrin 著）。課本第 19–33 頁。
3Reading skill: Explain Author's Purpose閱讀技能：說明作者的目的
AExplain Author's Purpose說明作者的目的
- Every writer has a goal in mind, and that goal is called the author's purpose. Writers may want to inform (teach facts), to persuade (change your mind), to entertain (give you fun), or to share feelings. To explain the purpose, you name it and then point to clues in the text that show it.作者的目的（author's purpose）就是作者寫作的原因。作者可能想告知（教你事實）、說服（改變你的想法）、娛樂（讓你覺得有趣），或分享感受。說明作者的目的時，要先說出是哪一種，再指出文章裡哪些線索能證明。
How to explain the author's purpose怎麼說明作者的目的
| Step步驟 | What to do做法 |
|---|---|
| 1. Look at the details1. 看細節 | Are they facts, opinions, jokes, or feelings?它們是事實、意見、笑話，還是感受？ |
| 2. Notice word choice2. 注意用字 | Words like should and must push you; numbers and dates teach you.should、must 這類字是在說服你；數字和日期是在教你。 |
| 3. Name the purpose3. 說出目的 | Say: The author wants to ...說：作者想要…… |
| 4. Give two clues4. 舉出兩個線索 | Point to two parts of the text that prove it.指出文章裡兩個能證明的地方。 |
- Practice paragraph (made up for this note): When I was nine, I could not swim. Every Saturday I held the side of the pool and shook. By summer's end, I swam across the whole pool, and I have never felt so proud.練習段落（本筆記自編）：我九歲的時候不會游泳，每個星期六都抓著池邊發抖。到了夏天快結束時，我游完了整個泳池，從來沒有那麼驕傲過。
Common mistakes常見錯誤
| Mistake錯誤 | Correct正確 | Why原因 |
|---|---|---|
| ✗ The purpose is to inform, because it is about swimming.✗ 目的是告知，因為內容跟游泳有關。 | ✓ The purpose is to share feelings and entertain: the writer tells a true event and how proud he felt.✓ 目的是分享感受和娛樂：作者講一件真實的事，以及自己有多驕傲。 | A topic alone does not show the purpose. Look at how the writer tells it.光看主題無法判斷目的，要看作者怎麼寫。 |
| ✗ The author's purpose is swimming.✗ 作者的目的是游泳。 | ✓ The author's purpose is to share a proud moment.✓ 作者的目的是分享一個驕傲的時刻。 | A purpose is a reason, so start with to: to inform, to share ...目的是一個原因，要用 to 開頭：to inform、to share…… |
| ✗ The author wants to persuade. (no clues given)✗ 作者想說服讀者。（沒有線索） | ✓ The author wants to persuade, because he uses should and gives reasons.✓ 作者想說服讀者，因為他用了 should 並給了理由。 | Always back up your answer with clues from the text.答案一定要有文章中的線索支持。 |
自我檢查
What is the main purpose of this made-up text, and what is one clue? “Every family should keep a flashlight by the door. When the power goes out, you will find your way safely.”這段自編文字的主要目的是什麼？舉一個線索。“Every family should keep a flashlight by the door. When the power goes out, you will find your way safely.”
看答案
To persuade. Clue: the word should, and a reason (you will find your way safely).說服。線索：用了 should，還給了理由（停電時能安全找到路）。
4Text Analysis (read after the text)課文分析（讀完課文再看）
AAnalysis: Reaching for the Moon分析：《飛向月球》
- Main idea: Buzz Aldrin's hard work and refusal to give up carried him from a boy who loved flying to one of the first people on the Moon. Structure: Chronological order, from his childhood to the Apollo 11 landing. Point of view: First person. Aldrin tells his own story, so we learn his thoughts and feelings.主旨：巴茲・艾德林靠著努力和不放棄，從一個熱愛飛行的男孩，成為最早登上月球的人之一。 結構：時間順序，從童年寫到阿波羅 11 號登月。 敘事觀點：第一人稱。艾德林講自己的故事，所以我們知道他的想法和感受。
- What each part does:
- This part explains his nickname and his first plane ride.
- This part uses the rock-collecting and bike-ride stories to show how stubborn and independent he was.
- This part follows West Point, the Air Force, and his choice to study how spacecraft meet in orbit.
- This part tells how he was turned down once, applied again, and trained underwater.
- This part describes his spacewalk on Gemini 12.
- This part shows the Apollo 11 trip, the tricky landing, and the flag and plaque.
各部分的功能：- 這段在說明他綽號的由來，以及第一次搭飛機。
- 這段用收集石頭和騎腳踏車的故事，呈現他有多固執、多獨立。
- 這段在敘述西點軍校、空軍，以及他選擇研究太空船在軌道上會合。
- 這段在說明他第一次申請被拒、再次申請，以及在水下受訓。
- 這段在描述他在雙子星 12 號外的太空漫步。
- 這段在呈現阿波羅 11 號的旅程、驚險的降落，以及國旗和紀念牌。
- Author's purpose and message:
- Purpose: to tell the true story of his life and the Moon landing.
- Clues: he uses I, gives real dates, and describes his pride.
- Message: if something matters to you, hold on to it and keep working, even after you fail.
作者的目的與訊息：- 目的：講述自己一生和登月的真實故事。
- 線索：他用 I、提供真實的日期，也描述自己的驕傲。
- 訊息：如果某件事對你很重要，就緊緊抓住、持續努力，即使失敗了也一樣。
這課的重點字
- genre文體
- narrative nonfiction敘事性非虛構文本
- autobiography自傳
- author's purpose作者的目的