第 1 單元，第 1 課
Reading: “The Path to Paper Son” and “Louie Share Kim, Paper Son”閱讀：〈通往「紙兒子」之路〉與〈紙兒子路易・夏・金〉
這課一眼看
Genre: Informational Text文體：說明文
- genre文體: A kind of writing, such as poetry or informational text.
- informational text說明文: Nonfiction that gives facts about a real topic.
About the text認識這篇
- Texts: “The Path to Paper Son” (Grant Din) and “Louie Share Kim, Paper Son” (Barbara D. Krasner), student book 5A pp. 19–29.
- chronological order時間順序: Events told in the order they happened.
Reading skill: Analyze Main Ideas and Details閱讀技能：分析主旨與細節
- main idea主旨: The most important point about a topic.
- details細節: Facts and examples that support the main idea.
1Genre: Informational Text文體：說明文
AWhat makes a text informational怎樣的文章是說明文
- Every kind of writing belongs to a genre, a group of texts that share the same purpose and features. An informational text gives true facts about a real topic. Its job is to teach the reader, not to tell a made-up story. Most informational texts have a main idea, many details that back it up, and text features that make facts quick to find.每一種文章都屬於某個文體（genre），也就是目的和特徵相同的一群文章。說明文（informational text）提供關於真實主題的事實，它的工作是教讀者知識，而不是講虛構的故事。大部分說明文都有一個主旨（main idea）、許多支持主旨的細節（details），以及幫你快速找到資訊的文本特徵（text features）。
Parts of an informational text說明文的組成
| Part部分 | What it does作用 | Where to look去哪裡找 |
|---|---|---|
| Topic主題 | Tells what the whole text is about說明整篇文章在談什麼 | The title and the first paragraph標題和第一段 |
| Main idea主旨 | The most important point about the topic關於主題最重要的論點 | Often near the start or the end of a section常在一個段落或小節的開頭或結尾 |
| Details細節 | Facts, examples, dates, and numbers that support the main idea支持主旨的事實、例子、日期和數字 | In the middle of each paragraph每段的中間 |
| Text features文本特徵 | Titles, headings, photos, captions, maps, and time lines標題、小標題、照片、圖說、地圖和年表 | Around and between the paragraphs段落的周圍和之間 |
自我檢查
Which one is an informational text? (a) a story about a talking cat who flies to the moon (b) an article that explains how cats see in the dark (c) a poem about a sleepy cat哪一個是說明文？(a) 一隻會說話的貓飛到月球的故事 (b) 一篇解釋貓怎麼在黑暗中看東西的文章 (c) 一首關於愛睏小貓的詩
看答案
(b). It gives true facts about a real topic and teaches the reader something.(b)。它提供關於真實主題的事實，教讀者知識。
BReading two texts on one topic讀同一主題的兩篇文章
- Sometimes two informational texts about the same topic are printed together. One text may give the big picture, and the other may zoom in on one example. Read them as a team: first find the main idea of each text, then ask how the second text helps you understand the first.有時候同一主題的兩篇說明文會放在一起。一篇可能介紹整體的情況，另一篇可能聚焦在一個例子上。把它們當成一組來讀：先找出每篇的主旨，再想想第二篇怎麼幫助你理解第一篇。
Questions for paired texts讀兩篇文章時要問的問題
| Before reading讀之前 | After reading讀之後 |
|---|---|
| What do the two titles have in common?兩個標題有什麼共同點？ | What is the main idea of each text?每篇的主旨是什麼？ |
| Which text looks more general, and which looks more specific?哪一篇看起來比較概括，哪一篇比較具體？ | Which facts appear in both texts?哪些事實兩篇都有提到？ |
| What do I already know about this topic?關於這個主題我已經知道什麼？ | How does one text add to the other?一篇文章怎麼補充另一篇？ |
注意
A general text often answers what happened to many people. A specific text often answers what it was like for one person. Together they give you both facts and feelings.概括的文章常回答「很多人遇到了什麼事」；具體的文章常回答「對某一個人來說是什麼感覺」。兩篇合起來，你同時得到事實和感受。
2About the text認識這篇
ATwo texts about immigration history兩篇談移民歷史的文章
- This week's reading is a pair of informational texts about the history of Chinese immigration to the United States. Both texts are organized mainly in chronological order.本週的閱讀是一組說明文，主題是華人移民美國的歷史。兩篇大致都按照時間順序（chronological order）安排。
注意
Texts: “The Path to Paper Son” by Grant Din and “Louie Share Kim, Paper Son” by Barbara D. Krasner. Student book (5A) pages 19–29.篇名：〈通往「紙兒子」之路〉（Grant Din 著）、〈紙兒子路易・夏・金〉（Barbara D. Krasner 著）。課本（5A）第 19–29 頁。
3Reading skill: Analyze Main Ideas and Details閱讀技能：分析主旨與細節
AAnalyze Main Ideas and Details分析主旨與細節
- The main idea is the most important point a writer makes about a topic. Details are the facts and examples that support it. A long text can have one main idea for the whole text and a smaller main idea for each paragraph or section. To analyze them, you decide which sentence is the big point and which sentences are there to prove or explain it.主旨（main idea）是作者對主題提出的最重要論點；細節（details）是支持主旨的事實和例子。一篇長文章可以有一個全文主旨，每個段落或小節又有較小的主旨。分析時，你要判斷哪一句是大論點，哪些句子是用來證明或說明它的。
How to find the main idea怎麼找出主旨
| Step步驟 | What to do做法 |
|---|---|
| 1. Name the topic1. 說出主題 | Say in two or three words what the paragraph is about.用兩三個字說出這段在談什麼。 |
| 2. List the details2. 列出細節 | Notice the facts, numbers, and examples.留意事實、數字和例子。 |
| 3. Ask what they share3. 問它們的共同點 | What point do all the details help to show?這些細節都在幫忙說明哪個論點？ |
| 4. Say it in one sentence4. 用一句話說出來 | Write the main idea in your own words.用自己的話寫出主旨。 |
| 5. Check it5. 檢查 | Every important detail should fit under your main idea.每個重要細節都要能放在你的主旨底下。 |
- Practice paragraph (made up for this note): Our school garden helps in many ways. Students pick fresh vegetables for the lunch room. Science classes study insects there. On weekends, neighbors come to help water the plants.練習段落（本筆記自編）：我們學校的菜園在很多方面都有幫助。學生為餐廳採收新鮮蔬菜，自然課在那裡觀察昆蟲，週末鄰居也會來幫忙澆水。
Common mistakes常見錯誤
| Mistake錯誤 | Correct正確 | Why原因 |
|---|---|---|
| ✗ Main idea: Science classes study insects there.✗ 主旨：自然課在那裡觀察昆蟲。 | ✓ Main idea: The school garden helps in many ways.✓ 主旨：學校菜園在很多方面都有幫助。 | The insect sentence is only one detail.觀察昆蟲那句只是其中一個細節。 |
| ✗ Main idea: Gardens.✗ 主旨：菜園。 | ✓ Main idea: The school garden helps students and neighbors.✓ 主旨：學校菜園幫助了學生和鄰居。 | One word is a topic, not a main idea. A main idea is a full sentence.一個詞是主題，不是主旨。主旨要是完整的句子。 |
| ✗ Main idea: Every school should build a garden.✗ 主旨：每間學校都應該蓋菜園。 | ✓ Main idea: The school garden helps in many ways.✓ 主旨：學校菜園在很多方面都有幫助。 | Do not add your own opinion. Use only what the paragraph says.不要加上自己的意見，只用段落裡說的內容。 |
自我檢查
Read the made-up paragraph: “Bicycles are a smart way to get around a city. They do not need gas. They fit on narrow streets. Riding one also keeps your body strong.” What is the main idea, and name two details.讀這段自編的段落：“Bicycles are a smart way to get around a city. They do not need gas. They fit on narrow streets. Riding one also keeps your body strong.” 主旨是什麼？說出兩個細節。
看答案
Main idea: Bicycles are a smart way to get around a city. Details (any two): they do not need gas; they fit on narrow streets; riding keeps your body strong.主旨：在城市裡騎腳踏車是聰明的交通方式。細節（任兩個）：不需要汽油；窄街也騎得進去；騎車讓身體強壯。
4Text Analysis (read after the text)課文分析（讀完課文再看）
AAnalysis: “The Path to Paper Son”分析：〈通往「紙兒子」之路〉
- Main idea: A U.S. law kept most Chinese workers and their families out, so many people entered by claiming, on paper, to be sons of citizens or merchants. Structure: Cause and effect, told in time order. The law is the cause, and the paper son system is the effect.主旨：一條美國法律讓大部分華人勞工和家人無法入境，所以許多人以「書面上」是公民或商人兒子的身分入境。 結構：因果關係，並依時間順序敘述。法律是原因，「紙兒子」制度是結果。
- What each part does:
- This part explains how the 1882 law stopped Chinese workers from bringing their families.
- This part shows how merchants and citizens could report new sons, opening places for others.
- This part tells how the 1906 San Francisco earthquake destroyed birth records, letting some people claim citizenship.
- This part explains how paper identities were bought and studied with coaching notes.
- This part shows the cost: families borrowed money and worked for years to repay it.
各部分的功能：- 這段在說明 1882 年的法律怎麼讓華人勞工無法接家人過來。
- 這段在說明商人和公民可以申報新生的兒子，為別人空出名額。
- 這段在說明 1906 年舊金山大地震燒毀出生紀錄，讓一些人能宣稱自己是公民。
- 這段在說明紙上身分怎麼買來，以及怎麼用應答筆記背熟。
- 這段在說明代價：家庭借錢，再花好幾年工作還債。
- Main ideas and details:
- The law split families. Detail: workers could not bring wives and children.
- People used gaps in the rules. Detail: lost records let some claim citizenship.
- It was hard and costly. Detail: people memorized answers and paid large sums.
主要想法與細節：- 法律拆散家庭。細節：勞工無法把妻兒接來。
- 人們利用規定的漏洞。細節：出生紀錄燒毀，讓一些人能宣稱自己是公民。
- 這條路既困難又昂貴。細節：要背答案，也要付很多錢。
BAnalysis: “Louie Share Kim, Paper Son”分析：〈紙兒子路易・夏・金〉
- Main idea: Louie Share Kim's life shows how one family used the paper son system, and how stressful and secret it was. Structure: Chronological order, from his arrival as a boy to his youngest son's memories years later.主旨：路易・夏・金的一生呈現一個家庭怎麼利用紙兒子制度，以及這段經歷有多緊張、多隱密。 結構：時間順序，從他少年時抵達，寫到多年後小兒子的回憶。
- What each part does:
- This part introduces Share Kim arriving alone at Angel Island as a teenager.
- This part explains how Louie Share Jung, a citizen from his village, claimed him as a son.
- This part describes officials questioning him before letting him enter.
- This part follows his trips back to China, his marriage, and his children.
- This part tells how he prepared a coaching book so his family could pass questioning.
- This part shares his son Sam Louie's memories and why many families stayed silent.
各部分的功能：- 這段在介紹夏・金十幾歲時獨自抵達天使島。
- 這段在說明同村的公民路易・夏・榮怎麼宣稱他是自己的兒子。
- 這段在描述官員盤問他，之後才讓他入境。
- 這段在敘述他回中國探親、結婚和生子。
- 這段在說明他準備應答手冊，讓家人也能通過盤問。
- 這段在分享兒子山姆・路易的回憶，以及許多家庭為什麼保持沉默。
- Main ideas and details:
- Entry depended on tough interviews. Detail: officials asked about family and village.
- Families planned carefully. Detail: the coaching book listed names, dates, and village facts.
- The experience stayed hidden. Detail: Sam Louie learned key facts from records only after his mother died.
主要想法與細節：- 能否入境取決於嚴格的盤問。細節：官員詢問家族和村莊的事。
- 家庭仔細準備。細節：應答手冊列出名字、日期和村莊的資料。
- 這段經歷被隱藏起來。細節：山姆・路易在母親過世後，才從檔案得知重要的事實。
CComparing the two texts兩篇對照
- Main idea of each: The first text explains why the paper son system began and how it worked for many people. The second text shows that system through one man and his family. Alike: Both texts are about Chinese immigration under the same law, both explain coaching notes and questioning, and both follow time order. Different: The first gives the big picture with general facts. The second is personal: it names real family members and includes a son's memories and feelings.各自的主旨：第一篇說明紙兒子制度為什麼出現，以及它對許多人怎麼運作；第二篇透過一個人和他的家庭呈現這個制度。 相同點：兩篇都談同一條法律下的華人移民，都說明了應答筆記和盤問，也都依時間順序。 不同點：第一篇用一般事實呈現整體情況；第二篇比較個人化，寫出真實的家人，還有兒子的回憶與感受。
這課的重點字
- genre文體
- informational text說明文
- main idea主旨
- detail細節
- text feature文本特徵
- chronological order時間順序