Part 1: Leaving Home第一部:離開家園
Sections 1–3: Three Homes in Danger第 1–3 節:危機中的三個家
這課一眼看
Summary情節摘要
- Kristallnacht: The Night of Broken Glass, November 9–10, 1938, when Nazis attacked Jewish homes, shops, and synagogues across Germany and arrested tens of thousands of Jewish men.
- Clave: A rhythm pattern that lies underneath much Cuban music, like a hidden heartbeat.
1Summary情節摘要
注意
Before you read:
- What does the word refugee mean to you?
- What would make a family decide to leave its home forever?
閱讀前:
- 「難民」這個詞對你來說是什麼意思?
- 什麼樣的情況會讓一家人決定永遠離開家園?
At a glance:
- Josef (Germany, 1938): Nazis break into Josef's home and take his father to a concentration camp.
- Isabel (Cuba, 1994): Isabel lives with hunger and learns her neighbors are secretly building a boat.
- Mahmoud (Syria, 2015): Mahmoud survives the war in Aleppo by trying never to be noticed.
本章重點:
- 約瑟夫(德國,1938):納粹闖進約瑟夫家,把他爸爸抓進集中營。
- 伊莎貝爾(古巴,1994):伊莎貝爾在飢餓中生活,並得知鄰居偷偷在造船。
- 馬哈茂德(敘利亞,2015):馬哈茂德在阿勒坡的戰火中,靠著盡量不被注意而活下來。
Refugee follows three children in three different times and places.
Josef — Berlin, Germany, 1938: Twelve-year-old Josef Landau wakes in the night as Nazi storm troopers break into his family's small flat. They ransack the rooms, laugh at Josef, and arrest his father, Aaron, a Jewish lawyer who has been banned from working. The attack is part of Kristallnacht, a night of violence against Jewish homes, shops, and synagogues across Germany. For six months Josef's mother searches for news. Then a telegram arrives: Papa has been released from the Dachau concentration camp, but only if the family leaves Germany within fourteen days.
Isabel — near Havana, Cuba, 1994: Eleven-year-old Isabel Fernandez secretly feeds a stray kitten, even though food is so scarce that some hungry people have started eating cats. Since the Soviet Union collapsed, Cuba has had almost no food, fuel, or medicine, and families live on tiny rations. Isabel knows that her neighbor and best friend, Iván, and his father are secretly building a boat to escape to the United States, which is against the law. Her own father was once jailed for trying to leave. Isabel plays her trumpet for tourists on the Malecón, Havana's seaside road, always trying to feel clave, the hidden beat in Cuban music that she has never been able to hear. Instead, she hears glass breaking.
Mahmoud — Aleppo, Syria, 2015: Twelve-year-old Mahmoud Bishara survives the civil war by staying invisible: hood up, head down, never noticed. His ten-year-old brother, Waleed, no longer shows any feelings at all. The war began after protests in 2011, and Aleppo, once a bright, modern city, is now full of rubble. Mahmoud remembers his friend Khalid; after they were both bullied, they drifted apart to stay safe, and Khalid was later killed in an airstrike. When Mahmoud sees two boys stealing bread from another boy, he wants to help, but he turns around and walks away.《Refugee》描寫三個生活在不同時代、不同地方的孩子。
約瑟夫(德國柏林,1938):十二歲的約瑟夫·藍道半夜驚醒,納粹衝鋒隊員闖進他家的小公寓。他們把房間翻得亂七八糟,嘲笑約瑟夫,並逮捕他的爸爸亞倫。亞倫是猶太裔律師,已經被禁止執業。這次攻擊是「水晶之夜」的一部分,那一夜德國各地的猶太人住家、商店和會堂都遭到暴力破壞。接下來六個月,約瑟夫的媽媽四處打聽消息。後來來了一封電報:爸爸已經從達豪集中營獲釋,條件是全家必須在十四天內離開德國。
伊莎貝爾(古巴哈瓦那近郊,1994):十一歲的伊莎貝爾·費南德茲偷偷餵一隻流浪小貓,雖然食物稀少到有些飢餓的人已經開始吃貓。自從蘇聯解體,古巴幾乎沒有食物、燃料和藥品,家家戶戶只能靠少得可憐的配給過活。伊莎貝爾知道,她的鄰居兼好朋友伊凡和他爸爸正偷偷造一艘船,打算逃到美國,而這是違法的。她自己的爸爸以前就曾因為想離開古巴而坐牢。伊莎貝爾在哈瓦那的濱海大道為觀光客吹小號,一直努力想感受「克拉維」,也就是古巴音樂中那個隱藏的節奏,但她從來沒聽出來過。這一次,她聽到的卻是玻璃碎裂的聲音。
馬哈茂德(敘利亞阿勒坡,2015):十二歲的馬哈茂德·比夏拉靠著讓自己「隱形」在內戰中生存:拉上帽子、低著頭、絕不引人注意。他十歲的弟弟瓦利德已經完全不表露任何情緒。戰爭從 2011 年的抗議開始,阿勒坡曾經是明亮又現代的城市,如今到處是瓦礫。馬哈茂德想起他的朋友哈立德:兩人都被霸凌之後,為了自保而漸行漸遠,後來哈立德在一次空襲中喪生。當馬哈茂德看到兩個男孩搶另一個男孩的麵包時,他很想幫忙,最後卻轉身走開了。
2Characters本章人物
- Josef Landau: a twelve-year-old Jewish boy in Berlin who is counting the days until he becomes a man.
- Aaron and Rachel Landau: Josef's parents; his father is taken to a concentration camp.
- Isabel Fernandez: an eleven-year-old Cuban girl who loves her trumpet and worries about her family.
- Iván Castillo: Isabel's neighbor and best friend; he names everything and dreams of baseball.
- Mahmoud Bishara: a twelve-year-old boy in Aleppo who stays safe by being invisible.
- Waleed: Mahmoud's younger brother, who has become numb because of the war.
- 約瑟夫·藍道:住在柏林的十二歲猶太男孩,數著日子等自己「成為大人」。
- 亞倫和瑞秋·藍道:約瑟夫的父母;爸爸被抓進集中營。
- 伊莎貝爾·費南德茲:十一歲的古巴女孩,熱愛小號,也擔心自己的家。
- 伊凡·卡斯蒂約:伊莎貝爾的鄰居兼好友;什麼東西都要取名字,夢想打棒球。
- 馬哈茂德·比夏拉:住在阿勒坡的十二歲男孩,靠「隱形」保護自己。
- 瓦利德:馬哈茂德的弟弟,因為戰爭而變得麻木。
3Themes & symbols主題與象徵
- Danger at home: all three children live in places where home is no longer safe.
- Connection across stories: each section ends at a tense moment, and the stories echo each other, such as breaking glass for both Josef and Isabel.
- Invisibility: Mahmoud hides to survive, while Josef's family is told they are not wanted.
- 家不再安全:三個孩子住的地方,家都已經不再是安全的地方。
- 故事之間的連結:每一節都停在緊張的時刻,而三個故事互相呼應,例如約瑟夫和伊莎貝爾的段落都出現了玻璃碎裂的聲音。
- 隱形:馬哈茂德靠躲藏求生,而約瑟夫一家則被告知自己不受歡迎。
4Author's craft文學手法
Gratz uses three third-person narrators, each in a separate section headed by a name, place, and year. The sections are short and usually end on a cliffhanger, which pushes readers on. Because each story stops at an exciting moment, readers must wait two sections to find out what happens, which builds suspense.葛拉茲用三條第三人稱敘事線,每一節開頭標明人物、地點和年份。各節篇幅短,通常停在懸念上,推著讀者往下讀。因為每個故事都停在緊張的時刻,讀者得等兩節之後才知道結果,懸疑感因此累積。
5Think about it想一想
自我檢查
Why do you think the author tells three stories instead of one?你覺得作者為什麼講三個故事,而不是一個?
看答案
Three stories from different times show that people have been forced to flee again and again in history. Comparing them helps readers see patterns, such as fear, hunger, and being unwanted.三個不同時代的故事顯示,歷史上一再有人被迫逃離家園。把它們放在一起比較,能幫助讀者看出共同的模式,例如恐懼、飢餓和不被接納。
自我檢查
Why does Mahmoud walk away from the boy being robbed? Do you agree with his choice?馬哈茂德為什麼對被搶的男孩轉身離開?你同意他的選擇嗎?
看答案
He has learned that being noticed is dangerous, especially after what happened to him and Khalid. Answers will vary, but his choice shows how war forces children to put survival first.他學到被注意是危險的,尤其是在他和哈立德的遭遇之後。答案因人而異,但他的選擇顯示戰爭逼得孩子把生存放在第一位。